Sheikh Said Al Nursi Bediuzzaman has shared hundreds of miracles of the Prophet in his book called 'Miracles of Muhammad'. This book discusses some of the extraordinary incidents that support his prophethood, and his divine mission of calling people to Islam with references to authenticated resources. He divided the prophetic miracles in to several categories and subgroups. Based on Al Nursi's work I decided to divide the miracles in to three main categories. The subsequent posts will share his miracles falling under each category. 

First Category

The first are those that revolve around his birth. Many were displayed at the time of his birth and following his birth. These include many miraculous incidents that happened in the city he was born and throughout the region including Persian and Byzantine territories. Historical evidence suggests astrologists sharing news of his arrival before he was even born as well as the jinns (invisible beings) who informed such astrologists about the arrival of a final messenger. These also include the event when an army from Yemen approached Makkah to destroy it but were annihilated and this took place exactly the same year Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was born.

Second Category

The second category includes those that were performed during his life witnessed by people around him. These were performed due to two reasons, one was to discredit the allegations of the disbelievers who alleged that he was not receiving any revelations from the unseen or that he was copying from the previous revelations or that he was insane etc. To disprove these allegations Allah ﷻ made him perform miracles so that there is no room left to disprove his claims. Others included those that he performed for his companions and those were performed as a mercy from Allah ﷻ in times of need and distress such as hundreds of companions sipped from one bowl of milk to their full and yet the bowl still had milk left for more. This assisted in strengthening the conviction in their faith. 

Third Category
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The third category of miracles are those such as his knowledge of the al-ghayb (unseen) that Allah ﷻ bestowed on him which gave news of the incidents happening during his life which strengthened the Imaan (faith) of the believers as well as provided information which defeated the plans of the disbelievers. This category also includes the prophecies that he made which came to fulfillment in events that happened not very long after his death such as the spread of Islam throughout the region as well as the internal strife of the Muslims. What else and most importantly is included in this category is the prophecies related to the ​end of times, which are happening around the globe right in front of our very eyes, and those who are in disbelief still chose to ignore.

Due to the outbreak of Coronavirus called Covid-19, doctors & experts around the world including the World Health Organization (WHO) are putting special emphasis on hygiene such as thoroughly washing hands with soap, rinsing mouth and nose, avoid touching face, rubbing eyes or nose with your hands unnecessarily and covering one’s mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing. They are also advising strict food safety measures such as washing your vegetables before cooking and covering your cooked food or refrigerating it if not eating. The experts suggest to religiously adopt these measures on a daily basis to prevent the spread of this covid-19 menace. In fact such measures not only help against covid-19 but in fact practicing them in normal times would also be highly beneficial for ourselves and our societies. They reduce the health risks and prevent the potential spread of diseases. With many other things, the covid-19 crises also reminded humans that cleanliness is the most beneficial part of our lifestyle and important for our human nature and existence….but wait, how does Islam help here and what can we learn from Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him)?

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Islam is a Deen (way of life) whose teachings are in conformance to the human nature referred to as Fitrah in Arabic. It is said in the Quran: "(Al Quran 30:30) — the natural Way of Allah (Fitrah) which He has instilled in ˹all˺ humans. Let there be no change in this creation of Allah. That is the Straight Way, but most people do not know." - This teaches the fact that Allah ﷻ created humankind and provided teachings that are according to our nature and best for us. He revealed those teachings to His chosen ones called Prophets who became examples for others to follow. It in this regard Quran teaches that the best example and teachings for all humankind can be found in the lifestyle of His final Messenger, Prophet Muhammad(Peace Be Upon Him): (Al Quran 33:21) “…The Messenger of God (i.e. Prophet Muhammadﷺ) is an excellent model for those of you who put your hope in God and the Last Day and remember Him often.” Very importantly Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught: “…cleanliness is half of faith…”, as faith in a Creator exists within our nature and cleanliness is a major part of it. In Islam remaining physically and spiritually clean helps us gain proximity towards our Creator. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ mentioned ten best practices for overall body hygiene that are important for our nature and also in our fight against Covid-19 and other potential diseases: “Ten are from the Fitrah (Nature): Paring the mustache, leaving the beard to grow, Siwak (tooth stick), cleaning the nose with water, paring the fingernails, washing the knuckles, plucking the underarm hair, shaving the pubic hairs…."

The following are some of the best hygiene guidelines to prevent Covid-19 spread suggested by World Health Organization (WHO) and global experts. Many are also found in authentically recorded traditions from Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ life:

Hands Hygiene

New York City-based celebrity dermatologist Dr. Doris Day, says “one of the most reliable areas for harboring hundreds of thousands of bacteria — and most likely some viruses as well — is the under surface of your nails,”. Nails have impurities built up under them as they grow and naturally are harmful to ourselves and/or others around us. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: "To shave the pubic hair, to clip the nails and to cut the moustaches short, are characteristics of the Fitrah (nature)." Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health states that Covid-19 is an “enveloped virus,” meaning it is covered in an oily membrane, hence soap is effective in killing it and those that remain, the water is effective at removing and rinsing them away. The most common guideline being advised nowadays is to ‘wash hands with soap for at least 20 seconds’ and if there is no soap then thoroughly with water. Hand hygiene is the very best weapon in any fight between human and contagious disease, hence we notice that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: “When anyone amongst you wakes up from sleep at night, he should not put his hand in the utensil (to eat) until he has washed his hand three times, for he does’ not know where his hand was during the night.”

Oral Hygiene

As a prevention against Covid-19, dental specialists are encouraging people to brush and floss teeth, clean tongue, swish and spit and gargle with a mouth rinse containing hydrogen peroxide. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said, "The Miswak (tooth-stick) cleanses and purifies the mouth and pleases the Rubb (Lord)." In fact his companion Abu Musa (r.a) said “when he (Prophetﷺ) was using the Siwak, and the end of the Siwak was on his toungue, and he was saying, "'A','a'." i.e. he would clean all the way till the back end of his tongue. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ put special emphasis on cleaning one’s mouth often and throughout the day: "I stress upon you to use Miswak (tooth- stick)." Miswak is a stick from branch of a tree still used by many Muslims to help cleanse the mouth. Nowadays a tooth brush, pretty much, does the same job.

Facial Hygiene

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) medical experts say the average person touches their face 23 times an hour, and about half of the time, they’re touching their mouth, eyes, or nose — the mucosal surfaces that COVID-19 infects. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said “Making wudu (ablution) before and after the meal (i.e. washing the hands and the mouth) increases one’s sustenance and keeps Satan away.” (Kanz-ul- Ummal, vol. 15, pp. 106, Ḥadis 40755) Ablution is washing 3 times, ones hands and wrist up to the elbows along with face including nose and mouth and washing one’s feet. This is obligatory for each Muslim before each prayer (5 times prayer). The Prophet ﷺ encouraged Muslims to remain in ablution as much as possible throughout the day.

Respiratory Hygiene

A very common and highly important guideline promoted by experts to counter spread of Covid-19 is to cover your mouth when coughing and sneezing. American Lung Association claims cough can travel as fast as 50 mph and expel almost 3,000 droplets in just one go. Sneezes can travel up to 100 mph and create upwards of 100,000 droplets. It is very interesting to note that Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ companion Abu Huraira (r.a) said “When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sneezed, he placed his hand or a garment on his mouth, and lessened the noise.” Despite the fact that covering one’s mouth does indeed suppress the noise during sneezing yet it seems that the Prophet ﷺ was also teaching us on how to prevent the spread of microscopic germs or viruses that may spread everywhere around us at an instance of cough or sneeze.

Food Hygiene

Airborne spread has not been reported for COVID-19 and it is not believed to be a major driver of transmission based on available evidence; however, it can be envisaged if certain aerosol-generating procedures are conducted in health care facilities, as per WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization is considering “airborne precautions” for medical staff after a new study showed the coronavirus can survive in the air in some settings. Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, head of WHO’s emerging diseases and zoonosis unit, told reporters during a virtual news conference: “When you do an aerosol-generating procedure like in a medical care facility, you have the possibility to what we call aerosolize these particles, which means they can stay in the air a little bit longer.” Additionally, contamination prevention guidelines by many health departments suggest to keep food items covered such as sauce bottles, pickle and jam jars, flour, sugar and even cooked food since germs or viruses could also be transported through air. Knowing this we should also understand the importance when Prophet Muhammad ﷺ told us: "When you intend going to bed at night, put out the lights, close the doors, tie the mouths of the water skins, and cover your food and drinks….even with piece of wood across the utensil.” i.e. its covering is absolutely necessary.

References:
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All hadith taken from Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) except for one (Ref: Kanz-ul- Ummal, vol. 15, pp. 106, Ḥadis 40755)
Quran Verses taken from Al-Qur'an al-Kareem - القرآن الكريم
https://www.newsobserver.com/news/coronavirus/article241393626.html
Food safety, nutrition, and wellness during COVID-19
Emergency Dental Care During COVID-19
Three ways to protect yourself and others from COVID-19
How Fast Is a Sneeze Versus a Cough? Cover Your Mouth Either Way!
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf
WHO considers 'airborne precautions' for medical staff after study shows coronavirus can survive in air

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(Al Quran 3:164) Indeed Allah conferred a great favour on the believers when He sent among them a Messenger (Prophet Muhammad ﷺ)

It has been recorded that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ  was born in the Islamic Calendar month of Rabbi al Awwal which corresponds to the year 570 CE. There are several miraculous events that surrounded Prophet Muhammad's birth, Islamic Scholars have recorded them in hadith literature and books on the Prophet's seerah (biography). These include events that happened not only at the exact moment of the his birth but also prior to his birth and following his birth. I have listed all that I know, to the best of my knowledge and I have also tried to briefly explain each to help the readers grasp their importance. 

Miraculous Events Prior to Prophet Muhammad’s Birth

Destruction of the Army that attacked Kabah

The year Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was born, about fifty days before his birth, Abraha, the king of Yemen attacked Kabah to destroy it. He led his forces with a huge elephant named Mahmudi marching ahead in front. When they came near Mecca, the elephant stopped. They could not find any way of making the elephant continue. Soon they came across a huge flock of birds that carried stones in their beaks and rained on them from such a great height that destroyed his entire army. The Quran also mentions this miraculous event: “See you not how your Lord dealt with the companions of the elephant…And He sent against them birds in flocks. Striking them with stones of hard clay”[1]

Predictions of soothsayers in Arabia

A famous foreteller named Shiqq, repeatedly foretold the messengership of Muhammad ﷺ, and his reports have been recorded in history books, with the certainty of tawatur[2] in meaning.[3] The famous foreteller of Damascus, Satih, who looked very much like half a man with only one eye, one arm and one leg, lived a very long life. He was highly reputed for his predictions. In fact, Khusrow (Chosroes), the Persian ruler, once sent him a learned man named Muyzan to ask for the interpretation of a strange dream of Khusrow (Chosroes) and the meaning of the collapse of the fourteen pillars of his palace that had occurred on the night of Prophets birth. Satih said, "Fourteen rulers will reign, and then your empire will be utterly destroyed. A man will come with a religion, and will abolish both your religion and empire." In this clear statement, Satih predicted the arrival of the last Prophet and Islam spreading across Persia.[4]

Lady Amina (May Allah Be Pleased with her) saw a beautiful dream when she was pregnant

Lady Amina bint Wahhab, the blessed mother of the Prophet ﷺ , saw a vision in her dream that a light came out of her, when she was pregnant, that lit the land as far north as Syria. She was also told in her dream that she was pregnant with the master of this nation and the sign of that would be that when she gives birth to him she would see a light coming out with him that would shine over Bosra in Syria. “When this happens”, she was told, “call him Muhammad!” Thus indicating the spread of Islam in entire Syrian lands. (Nursi 2010)

Sheikh Al Nursi also mentions in his book: “Some other foretellers such as Sawad b. Qarib ad-Dawsi, Khunafir, Af'a Najran, Jizl b. Jizl al Kindi, Ibn Khalasat ad-Dawsi and Fatima bint an Nu'man an-Najariyya, as books of history and the Prophet's (ASW) biography have recorded in detail, also predicted that the last Prophet (ASW) would arrive, and that he would be Muhammad.” (Nursi 2010)

Ka’ab ibn Luayy predicted Prophet Muhammad’s arrival

Ka‘b ibn Lu‘ayy[5], one of the Messenger’s ancestors that lived more than 200 years before his birth, announced Muhammad’s Prophethood in poetry through inspiration:

“In the time of heedlessness
Muhammad will appear suddenly;
He will give tidings that are all true.” (Nursi 2010)

In addition to the above there are several other recorded miraculous events that took place before the birth of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. These can be found in hadith books. At this point, these would be sufficient.

Miraculous Events during Prophet Muhammad’s Birth

Lady Amina (r.a) noticed a light during her delivery

Lady Amina (r.a) said “I conceived him,” she said, “and suffered no pain until delivery. When he came out of me, a light came out with him that illuminated everything from East to West” She also said, “I saw the night I gave birth to him a light that illuminated the palaces of Syria so that I saw them.” Uthman ibn Abi al Aas and Abdul Rahman Bin Awf narrated that their mothers said: “At the time of Muhammad’s (s) birth we saw the house filled with lights and the stars drew so near that I thought they were going to fall on us.” The Prophet ﷺ later confirmed this, saying: “My mother saw, when she gave birth to me, a light that illuminated the palaces of Bosra.”[6]

Prophethood left the Children of Israel

Aisha (r.a) said, “There was a Jewish merchant in Mecca on the night that the Prophet (s) was born. He inquired ‘Oh, people of Quraish, was there any newborn among you?’ They replied ‘We don’t know’. He said ‘Tonight, the Prophet of this last nation was born. Between his shoulders there is a mark containing a few hairs on it like a horse’s mane (part on the back of horse’s neck).’ They accompanied the Jew and went to the Prophet’s mother, and asked her if they could see her son. She brought him to them and they uncovered his back and saw the birth mark, whereupon the Jew fell unconscious. When he regained consciousness, they asked him "What is the matter with you?" He answered, "By Allah, prophethood has gone away from the children of Israel.” (al-Qastallani n.d.)

Abu Lahab is in Hell but forgiven every Monday

The Quran confirms that Abu Lahab, the sworn enemy of the Prophet ﷺ  to be in hell fire: “May the hands of Abu Lahab be ruined, and ruined is he. His wealth will not avail him or that which he gained. He will [enter to] burn in a Fire of [blazing] flame.”[7] It is recorded in the Sahih of Imam Bukhari that Thuwayba, the female slave of Abu Lahab was freed upon her bringing him the good news of the Prophet’s birth. After his death, Abu Lahab was seen in a dream, when he was asked: “How are you faring?” He answered, “I am in the fire. However, I get a break every Monday, when I am able to suck water from this spot between my fingers,” and he gestured with two of his fingertips. “This miracle is due to my freeing Thuwayba when she brought me the good news of the birth of the Prophet.”[8]

Jinns and Sorcerers (& magicians) were cut off from the heavens at the birth of Prophet

After his arrival in this world, especially during the night of his birth, shooting stars became more frequent, which was a sign that the access of satan and evil jinn to information concerning the al-ghayb (unseen) was to cease. Since Allah's Messenger ﷺ had appeared in this world with revelation, it was necessary to bar the knowledge of hidden matters that was transmitted by soothsayers and jinn and was inaccurate and mixed with falsehoods, so that their knowledge should not cause any doubt concerning revelation or resemble it. The Quran also confirms this when a group of jinns accepted Islam at the blessed hands of Prophet ﷺ and said, “And that we contacted the heaven, yet we found it filled with very strict guards and flaming (meteors). And verily, we used to sit there in stations, to (steal) a hearing, but any who listens now will find a flaming fire watching him in ambush.”[9]

This can also be confirmed by the fact that some of companions of the Prophet ﷺ such as Dhayab ibn al-Harith and Sawaad bin Qaarib were sorcerers prior to converting to Islam and were informed by their jinn partners about the arrival of a prophet while expressing their helplessness in going to the heavens for eavesdropping.

The 1000 Years old burning fire extinguished

The Persians followed the religion of worshipping fire. This religion had existed for quite a long while in Persia. When our dearest Prophet Muhammad ﷺ  was born, one of the major places of their worship where a huge bon of fire was lit for 1000 years immediately extinguished. This was indeed a great miracle for entire humankind that the message of Allah ﷻ has arrived and it is free of all impurities of shirk (associating partners with Allah). (Al Raheeq Al Maktum)

An Ancient Lake named Saveh sank in to the soil

The blessed night our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ there was an ancient lake in Persia named Saveh held very sacred by the Persians that sank in to the ground. This is recorded in famous Islamic texts such as Suyuti’s al-Khasa’is and by later scholars Sheikh Said Al Nursi in his Risala i Nur Collection, Prophet Muhammad and His Miracles. Amazingly, there is research happening in Iran and published research articles that indeed an ancient lake named Saveh did exist. According to the legend mentioned in historical Persian texts, this lake dried out on the night of the birth of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. A recent investigation in the Zarand area between Tehran and Saveh has revealed some evidence of the existence of this lake in Zarand Plain.[10]

 All idols inside Kabah toppled

Its recorded in the Sunan of Bayhaqi an authentic hadith collection as well as several biographers of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ from early Islam have recorded that on the blessed night of his birth, idols within the Ka‘ba toppled over that stunned all the Quraysh people due to the fact that they were fixated. It was a reminder to them that the religion of truth has arrived and falsehood will be no more.

Miraculous Events after Prophet Muhammad’s Birth

When the Prophet was newly born

Al Tabarani narrates that when he fell to the ground, he had his fingers drawn together, with the index finger pointing, testifying to the oneness of Allah. Ibn Saad narrated that when Lady Amina (r.a) gave birth to the Prophet ﷺ he had no meconium (fetal fecal matter) in him. According to narrations by Ibn Umar (r.a) and others, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was born circumcised and with his umbilical cord already cut off. Anas (r.a) related that the Prophet ﷺ said: “One of the signs of the honor I have been given by my Lord is that I was born circumcised, and no one saw my private parts.”[11]

Prophet ﷺ plays with Moon in the cradle

The Prophet’s uncle, Al Abbas (r.a) said: “Oh, Messenger of Allah, what made me enter into your religion was my witnessing a sign of your prophethood. I saw you in your cradle talking tenderly to the Moon and pointing at it with your finger. It moved across the sky to wherever you pointed.” Muhammad ﷺ said, “I was talking to it, and it talked to me, which distracted me from crying. I could hear the sound of its prostration under the throne.”[12] This moon would later split in to two halves a result of another miracle of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ discussed further in this section.

Wonders with Halima – The wet nurse of Prophet ﷺ 

Halima[13] narrates “It was a year of drought and famine and we had nothing to eat. I rode on a brown donkey. We also had with us an old she-camel. By Allah we could not get even a drop of milk. We could not have a wink of sleep during the night for the child kept crying on account of hunger. There was not enough milk in my breast and even the she-camel had nothing to feed him. At length we reached Makkah looking for children to suckle. Not even a single woman amongst us accepted the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) offered to her. As soon as they were told that he was an orphan, they refused him. Every woman who came with me got a child to nurse and when we were about to depart, I said to my husband: “By Allah, I do not like to go back along with the other women without any baby. I should go to that orphan and I must take him.” He said, “There is no harm in doing so and perhaps Allah might bless us through him.” So I went and took him. When I lifted him in my arms and returned to my place I put him on my breast and to my great surprise, I found enough milk in it. He drank to his heart’s content, and so did his foster brother and then both of them went to sleep although my baby had not been able to sleep the previous night. My husband then went to the she-camel to milk it and, to his astonishment; he found plenty of milk in it. He milked it and we drank to our fill, and enjoyed a sound sleep during the night. The donkey that she rode when she came to Makkah was lean and almost foundered; it recovered speed much to the amazement of Halimah’s fellow travelers. Their barren land sprouted forth luxuriant grass and beasts came back to them satisfied and full of milk.[14]

The birth of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ  is surrounded by many miracles and above are the few as recorded in authenticated sources by writers of his seerah[15] and those who specialize in hadith.

Allahumma Salli Ala Muhammaddin Wa’ala Ale Muhammaddin Wa Barak Wassallam. (Oh Allah, send Your grace, honour and mercy upon Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad and bless them abundantly)[16]

References:
[1] Al Quran 105:1–5
[2] A prophetic tradition (hadith) that has multiple chains of narrators making it strong in its authenticity.
[3] Nursi, Bediuzzaman Said. 2010. Miracles of Prophet Muhammad. Feedbooks.
[4] Nursi, Bediuzzaman Said. 2010. Miracles of Prophet Muhammad – Chapter: The predictions of Prophet Muhammad's coming by Soothsayers and Gnostics. Feedbooks.
[5] Ka’ab Lu’ayy was born in 305 CE.
[6] al-Mubarakpuri, Safi-ur-Rahman. 1996. Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar). Dar-us-Salam Publications.
[7] Al Quran 111:1–3
[8] Sahih al-Bukhari 5101 – Sunnah.com
[9] Al Quran 72:1–8
[10] OKHRAVI, Rasoul, DJAMALI, Morteza. 2003. "The Missing Ancient Lake of Saveh." Iranica Antiqua 327-344.
[11] al-Qastallani, Ahmad Shihab ad-Din. n.d. "al-Mawahib al-laduniyya bi al-minah al-Muhammadiyya (The Divinely-Granted Gifts in the Form of the Muhammadan Grants) Translated by Shaykh Gibril Haddad." As Sunnah Foundation America. Accessed Febraury 2/20/19, 2019. http://sunnah.org/wp/2008/11/26/bismillah-al-rahman-al-rahim/.
[12] al-Qastallani, Ahmad Shihab ad-Din. n.d. "al-Mawahib al-laduniyya bi al-minah al-Muhammadiyya (The Divinely-Granted Gifts in the Form of the Muhammadan Grants) Translated by Shaykh Gibril Haddad." As Sunnah Foundation America. Accessed Febraury 2/20/19, 2019. http://sunnah.org/wp/2008/11/26/bismillah-al-rahman-al-rahim/.
[13] Halima (may Allah be pleased with her) was a foster mother of the prophet with whom he lived until the age of six years.
[14] al-Mubarakpuri, Safi-ur-Rahman. 1996. Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar). Dar-us-Salam Publications.
[15] A term, which means ‘biography’.
[16] This is a short salawaat, a prayer that contains salutations to the Prophet. 

There are several instances when many ill and wounded were healed at the blessed hands of the Prophet ﷺ. All of these are recorded and received through authenticated sources. The classification of these ahadith, which mention the healing of various individuals are no less than mutawattir, a classification of the highest degree according to ilm al-hadith (sciences of hadith) subject. Mutawattir narrations are divided in to two. One is mutawattir in wording and the other is mutawattir in meaning. These miracles of healing the ill and wounded have been received through both types. This is important to know before we share some of those miracles. Even though one can find tons of such healing miracles in the hadith books, I have chosen to share only twelve important ones taken from Sheikh Said Al Nursi's book on Miracles of the Prophet. Each miracle in his book has been listed with hadith references for authenticity. 





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​Miracle Number 1

As reported in Shifa ash-Sharif[1] of Qadi lyad (r.a), a hadith expert, by numerous channels and with an exalted chain of transmitters from Saad bin Abi Waqqas (r.a), one of the ten Companions given the glad tidings of Paradise, said: "I was beside Allah's Messenger in the battle of Uhud. He shot arrows until his bow was broken. Then he began giving his arrows to me. Each time he gave me a featherless arrow, he ordered me to shoot it, which I did, and it flew just like one with feathers, piercing an unbeliever's body. In the course of this, Qatada bin Numan[2] was hit by an arrow, and one of his eyeballs poked. Allah's Messenger, with his auspicious blessed hand, placed the eyeball back in its socket. The eye healed at once, as if nothing had happened to it, and became even better than the other one.” This incident became so famous that decades after when one of the grandsons of Qatada came to Umar b. Abdul-Aziz (r.a) (682 – 720 CE)[3], he presented himself with the following words in poetic form: “I am the son of that person whose poked eyeball was placed in its socket by the Messenger of Allah and became the best eye.”[4]

Miracle Number 2

Recorded in authentic collections of Bukhari and Muslim, Allah's Messenger ﷺ  had appointed Ali ibn Abi Talib (r.a) as the flag-holder at the battle of Khaybar, but Ali (r.a) had been suffering severely from sore eyes. Allah's Messenger ﷺ applied his healing saliva to his eyes, and right at that moment, the pain ceased and his eyes became better. The following morning, Ali (r.a) conquered Khaybar[5] using the very heavy iron gate of the citadel that he had torn away as a shield. In the same battle, Salama b. al-Aqwa[6] (r.a) had his leg cut by a sword, and Allah's Messenger ﷺ healed it by breathing on him.[7]

Miracle Number 3

Authorities on the Prophet's biography, above all, Imam Nasai, report from Uthman bin Hunayf[8] (r.a): “A blind man came to the Messenger of Allah and said, 'Pray for my eyes to open. ' Allah's Messenger said, 'Go, make ablution, and then pray two rakahs, and say, [O Allah, I ask You, while turning toward You, for the sake of the Prophet Muhammad, the Prophet of Mercy. O Muhammad, I turn toward your Lord, for your sake and through you, asking that He (Allah swt) uncover my sight. O Allah, make him my intercessor.] ' He departed to do what he had been told. When he came back, his eyes had already been opened.”[9] 

Miracle Number 4

When Muawwidh bin Afra (r.a), one of the fourteen martyrs of the battle of Badr, was fighting with Abu Jahl. Abu Jahl cut off one of his hands. Muawwidh took his cut-hand in the other and came to Allah's Messenger ﷺ, who stuck it to his wrist, applied his blessed saliva to it and healed it. He then turned back to battle and fought until he was martyred.[10]

In the same battle, Hubayb b. Yasaf (r.a) received such a sword blow on the shoulder that it seemed as if his shoulder had been divided into two. Allah's Messenger ﷺ stuck his arm to his shoulder, breathed on him, and the wound healed. Although these two incidents are separate and individually reported, they can be regarded as having definitely occurred because they have been amended by such an imam like Imam Jalil bin Wahab (r.a), and taken place in a battle that itself was a spring of wonders.[11] The Quran confirms miracles taking place during battle of badr when Allah ﷻ sent large number of angels for assistance of believers: “When you said to the believers: Does it not suffice you that your Lord should assist you with three thousand of the angels sent down?”[12]

Miracle Number 5th

Imam Baghawi[13] (1041 – 1122 CE) narrates: Ali b. al-Hakam (RA) had his leg broken by the blow of an unbeliever at the battle of Khandaq[14]. Allah's Messenger stroked his leg, and it was healed instantly. The soldier continued to fight without even dismounting from his horse.[15]

Miracle Number 6

Narration scholars, including Imam Bayhaqi, a hadith expert and famous for his collection Sunan Bayhaqi, report that once Imam Ali (r.a) was so ill that he could not help moaning. As he was alone and praying for his cure, Allah's Messenger ﷻ came in and said: “O my Allah, heal him!” He then said to Imam Ali, “Get up!” touching him with his foot. He was cured at once. Ali says, “Since then I have never caught the same illness.” (Nursi 2010)

Miracle Number 7

This is the well-known story of Shurahbil al-Jufi (r.a). He had a tumor in his palm that would not let him hold either his sword or the reins of his horse. After Allah's Messenger ﷻ stroked the tumor and massaged it with his blessed hand, it disappeared. (Nursi 2010)

Miracle Number 8

Ibn Abi Shayba[16] (r.a), an early meticulous researcher and a well-known hadith expert, renown for his work Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah, relates that a woman brought her son to Allah's Messenger ﷻ. The boy was retarded who could not even speak. Allah's Messenger rinsed his mouth with water and washed his hands and gave the water to the woman telling her to make her son drink. There was nothing left of his retardedness; his intelligence then surpassed that of even the brightest.[17]

Miracle Number 9

Ibn Abbas (r.a) reports in an authentic narration that one day an insane child was brought to Allah's Messenger. He put his hand on the child's chest, so that the child suddenly vomited a small, black object that resembled a cucumber. He was cured in the same breath. (Nursi 2010)

Miracle Number 10

Imam Bayhaqi and Imam Nasai (r.a) report in an authentic narration that Allah's Messenger ﷻ healed a boy named Muhammad b. Khatib whose arm had been scalded with boiled water, by stroking his arm and applying his saliva to it.[18]

Miracle Number 11

Narrated by Jalaladdin Suyuti (r.a), who was honored by conversing with Allah's Messenger ﷻ several times in a state of awakening: A baby who had just been born was taken to Allah's Messenger (s.w.t). When Allah's Messenger turned to him, the baby began to speak, and said, “I bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah.” Then Allah's Messenger said, “May Allah bless you!” After that, he never spoke again during his infancy. He later became famous as Mubarak al-Yamama (the blessed one of Yamama), for he had been honored by this miracle of the Prophet (s.w.t) and his supplication of “May Allah bless you.”[19]

Miracle Number 12

Many ahadith collections recorded that a shameless woman who had the nature of a silly child asked for a bite of food that Allah's Messenger ﷻ was eating. He gave her one, but she insisted, “No, I want the one in your mouth.” Allah's Messenger gave it to her. After eating that delicacy, she became the shyest, chaste woman in Medina.[20]

In the books of ahadith there are tons of miracles of various kinds that were done by the Prophet ﷻ and if we list them they will definitely exceed thousand. Please note that the people who have quoted the above miracles have not done so because they were Muslims, they recorded due to their ability to understand the nature of ahadith in various ways due to their expertise in this science after devoting their lives studying it. These same people have written books exposing the fallacy found in many ahadith therefore if anything was attributed to the Prophet and was not from him, they exposed it.

References:

[1] Kitab al-Shifaa bitaarif Ḥuquq al-Muṣṭafa (The Book of Healing by the Recognition of the Rights of or News of the Chosen One) – A 12th century work which describes in details the Prophet’s qualities, life incidents and miracles.
[2] A companion of Prophet from among the Ansaar (helpers).
[3] Umayyad Caliph who ruled during sixth century CE.
[4] Nursi, Bediuzzaman Said. 2010. Miracles of Prophet Muhammad - The predictions of Prophet Muhammad's coming by Soothsayers and Gnostics. Feedbooks.
[5] One of the Jewish fortresses conquered after a battle with Muslims.
[6] One of the companions of Prophet Muhammad.
[7] Nursi 2010
[8] One of the companions of Prophet Muhammad.
[9] Jami at-Tirmidhi 3578 – Sunnah.com
[10] Nursi 2010
[11] Nursi 2010
[12] Al Quran 3:124
[13] Al-Baghawi was a Persian Shafii scholar, mufassir and hadith expert. He is known for his famous hadith work Masabih al-Sunnah which later became Mishkat Al Masabih.
[14] Also known as battle of trench in which Muslims dug a huge trench.
[15] Nursi 2010
[16] A hadith expert famous for his collection called Musannaf.
[17] Sunan ibn Majah Vol. 4, Book 31, Hadith 3532 – Sunnah.com
[18] Nursi 2010
[19] Nursi 2010
[20] Nursi 2010

 
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​Some logical arguments of this miracle

Even though majority Muslims believe this fact without the need of having proofs, nevertheless there are proofs that logically confirm this miracle and make our conviction stronger in its taking place. Sheikh Said Al Nursi lists them in his work Miracles of Prophet Muhammad[1], which makes sense of it’s happening: 

The pagans of Makkah confirm it

Firstly this incident definitely took place because had it not taken place the disbelievers of Makkah would not have said that: “This is Magic!” as the Quran confirms it: “The Hour (of Judgement) is near, and the moon split. But if they see a Sign, they turn away, and say, 'This is transient magic.'”[2] It is a fact that the disbelievers opposed Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and did everything in their will to eliminate him and his followers. Their claiming that it is a magic is sufficient enough to prove that they did indeed see it but they rejected and termed it as something else. The disbeliever’s claim that the Prophet ‘did magic’ is recorded in all biographies that have been ever written on his life, even in biographies written by Orientalist Western writers. Therefore, their claim of ‘his magic’ is accepted by all without any doubt!

Mutawatter (continuous) Tradition

Apart from the Quran this is recorded in the books of ahadith with no lesser classification than mutawatter. According to Ilm Al Hadith (Sciences of Hadith) a mutawatter hadith is reported by a larger number of narrators in every age, making it virtually impossible for any falsehood to have crept in to it. This classification is to be one of the most reliable. This splitting of the moon is a report which has been narrated by a great number of prophet's companions, and knowing how pious their lives were, it is almost impossible to discredit this report from their mouths as falsehood. Saad Al Din Taftazani (1322 – 1390 CE)[3], a medieval Persian Islamic theologian said about this tradition that: “That is to say, these events had been passed down from group to group forming such a vast congregation that a conspiracy to lie would have been impossible. Like the appearance of the famous Haley's Comet a thousand years ago had been unanimously reported.”[4]

Why did not the entire world see this event if it really took place?

Al Nursi gives a beautiful answer to this very logical question that arises in the mind of Non-Muslims and those Muslims who may have doubts: “Miracles take place in order to prove the claim of prophethood, to convince deniers, but not to force them to believe. This miracle was needed to convince those who had already heard of the prophethood of Muhammad ﷺ. To let it be seen from other parts of the world, or to demonstrate it in an undeniably obvious way, therefore, would have been contrary both to the wisdom of the All-Wise Creator and to the purpose of man's function in the universe, which is to open the way for the mind without disabling the free will. If the All-Wise Creator had, in accordance with the whims of materialist philosophers, left the moon in the same condition for a few hours to show it to the entire world, and if this fact had thereby been recorded by all historians, it would have been treated among other astronomical incidents, without being restricted to the messengership of Muhammad ﷺ and without being considered a proof of his prophethood. Or, it would have been such an obvious miracle that it would have forced the minds to believe and deprived it of the free will. As a consequence, coal and diamonds (or Abu Jahl (Prophets worst enemy) and Abu Bakr (Prophets best companion)) would have been the same -the purpose of man's function in the universe would have been lost. This may have been the reason why this miracle was not shown to the entire world to be recorded in all books of history.”

Why isn’t this recorded in the books of other cultures since it was astronomical incident?

To this the Al Nursi says “The mystery of guidance and the wisdom of the prophetic message required its demonstration to certain people defined by Allah's wisdom. Those who were not intended and who had not yet heard about the message of Muhammad ﷺ were prevented from seeing this occurrence by means of many obstacles such as clouds, fog, and time differences. Furthermore, and in addition to some other obstacles, it was sunset in Spain and England (which were then under the clouds of ignorance) when this incident happened, daytime in America, and morning in China and Japan; so it could not be observed in other parts of the world. Yet thoughtless rejecters say, "It did not occur, as it is not mentioned in the histories of such people as the Chinese, Japanese, and Americans.”[5]

The biggest evidence of this miracle is the unanimous agreement of the entire Muslim world for the past fifteen centuries which is one of the beautiful tradition in Islam. Knowledge in Islam has been shared from generation to generation starting with the companions who learned directly from the Prophet ﷺ. 

Sheikh says six evidences of its occurrence out of many:

1. The concurrence of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, who are all men of justice and truth without any of them having shared even a slight doubt.
2. The agreement of all discerning interpreters on the explanation of the verse (Al Quran 54:01) “And the moon split,”
3. It is having been narrated by all truthful hadith scholars through various authentic channels. 
4. The testimony of all the men of truth and piety (awliya) -the sufis, men of inspiration and spiritual discovery (ahl-i kashf i.e. saintly men and women).
5. The confirmation of scholars who widely vary in their outlooks and difference of opinions. 
6. The concurrence of the ummah (nation/followers) of Muhammad ﷺ on this miracle, who, as established by authentic hadith said: “The Majority of my Ummah will never agree on an error.” 

 
Thus these major facts and most importantly, the unanimous historical agreement from earliest Islamic history with no difference among Islamic scholars, prove for us that Muhammad ﷺ did indeed split the moon, by the will of Allah ﷻ, as no human can do anything without the will of Allah ﷻ.

References:
[1] Nursi, Bediuzzaman Said. 2010. Miracles of Prophet Muhammad - the miracle of splitting the moon Chapter 21 - Feedbooks 
[2] Al Quran 54:1-2
[3] Also known as Al-Taftazani, was a great Muslim Persian scholar who had contributed towards fields of theology, Islamic jurisprudence, reason & philosophy, mathematics etc.
[4] Nursi 2010
[5] Nursi 2010

Prophet's miraculous journey to Madinah

There were two miracles that happened when Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was emigrating along with his companion Abu Bakr (r.a) from Makkah to Madinah. Both of these carry great significance as they show how divine protection assisted the Prophet ﷺ  against his enemies on a very crucial point of his prophetic mission. Muslim community was now going to live in a town where they would be able to freely practice their faith. Had the Prophet failed in this travel, and killed on his way, it could have been a whole different story for Islam. Another important thing to note is that this moment was associated with the first year of the Islamic calendar called Hijri Calendar (also lunar calendar). The emigration to Madinah is known as hijrah (emigration) from where the term hijri for Islamic calendar comes.

First miracle

When Allah's Messenger ﷺ, together with Abu Bakr (r.a), took shelter in the cave of Saur in order to be safe from the unbelievers who were in pursuit of them, two pigeons build a nest and lay eggs in it at the entrance, and a spider covered the entrance of the cave with a thick web. As Ubayy bin Khalaf, one of the heads of the Quraish who was later killed by the Prophet ﷺ in the battle of Badar, was examining the cave, his friends suggested that they should enter, but he replied: “This web seems to have been spun before Muhammad was born, and the is pigeon with a nest and eggs. Would they still be there if someone were in the cave?”[1] Thus Allah ﷻ confused their plot and they left. Allah ﷻ reminds us in the Quran of His protection for the Prophet ﷺ  when He says: “God helped him at the time when those who were bent on denying the truth drove him away, [and he was but] one of two: when these two were [hiding] in the cave, [and] the Messenger said to his companion, ‘Grieve not: verily, God is with us.’”[2] Abu Bakr (r.a) said “I said to the Prophet while I was in the Cave. ‘If any of them should look under his feet, he would see us.’ He said, ‘O Abu Bakr! What do you think of two (persons) the third of whom is Allah?’”[3] This worry of Abu Bakr (r.a) that Quran and hadith mentions was not for himself but for the danger that the Prophet ﷺ might be exposed to.

Second Miracle

The dangers they were exposed to do not end here. As they left the cave and headed to Madinah, the heads of Quraish sent a man named Suraqa to assassinate them, paying him a considerable amount of money. When Suraqa was finally able to catch them, the Prophet ﷺ cast a glance at Suraqa, and his horse sunk in the sand up to his belly. Seeing that he realized that he could not harm the Prophet ﷺ due to Allah’s protection, he then asked for the Prophet ﷺ for forgiveness and blessings. The Prophet ﷺ freed him on the condition that when he returns to Makkah he will not tell anyone of their whereabouts, to which he agreed.[4] Another certain event during this journey is when a shepherd saw the Prophet ﷺ and Abu Bakr (r.a), he immediately went to Makkah in order to inform the Quraish, but when he arrived there he forgot what he had come for. He tried hard to think what he was intending to but could not remember his intention, so he had to turn back. He later realized that he had been made to forget.[5]

References:
[1] Nursi 2010
[2] Al Quran 9:40
[3] Sahih al-Bukhari 3653 – Sunnah.com
[4] Sahih al-Bukhari 3615
[5] Nursi 2010
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Importance of food and drink miracles

This post includes miracles related to food and drink. Such miracles performed by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ are many, recorded in authentic hadith literature and scholars have written books describing and commenting on them. I have mentioned only three to help understand their importance. It is logical that many miracles of the Prophet ﷺ are found related to food and drink because the society in which he was raised and chosen by Allah ﷻ to deliver the message was a desert environment and food and water scarcity was common suffering of the society. Hence when the Prophet ﷺ was performing such miracles it would not only satisfy the hunger and thirst but as a result make their faith stronger in the message of Allah ﷻ: 

Miracle of dates multiplying

Al Suyuti in his Khasais ul Kubra mentions a miracle narrated from Abu Huraira (r.a): “During a battle, the Muslim army had nothing to eat. The Prophet ﷺ asked me, ‘Do you have anything?’ I said that I had some dates in my bag. He asked me to bring the bag. I brought it. There were 21 dates in the bag. The Prophet ﷺ then said, ‘Call ten people.’ I called ten people, they came and ate till they were satisfied and left. Again, I was ordered to call ten people, they also ate and left. In groups of ten, people continued to come and eat to their satisfaction and then leave until the whole army ate. Thereafter, pointing towards the remaining dates he said, ‘O Abu Hurayrah put them in your bag and eat from it whenever you like, but do not empty out the bag.’ Abu Hurayrah (r.a) goes onto say, ‘I ate dates from that bag not only in the time of the Prophet ﷺ but also in the reign of all three successors of the Prophet ﷺ, Abu Bakr (r.a), Umar (r.a) & Uthman (r.a). In addition to distributing dates among people, I also gave about fifty Wasq of dates in the path of Allah and ate more than two hundred Wasq of dates myself. When Uthman (r.a) was martyred that bag was stolen from my home.’[1]

(A wasq is equivalent to sixty sa’a and one sa’a is equal to 270 Tola. Tola is a weighing unit used in the sub-continent. It is approximately 12 grams. In other words, from those twenty one dates, nearly 40,000 kilograms of dates were eaten.)

Miracles of Bowl of Milk and 70 Companions

Abu Huraira (r.a) stated “By Allah except Whom none has the right to- be worshipped, (sometimes) I used to lay (sleep) on the ground on my liver (abdomen) because of hunger, and (sometimes) I used to bind a stone over my belly because of hunger. One day I sat by the way from where they (the Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions) used to come out. Finally the Prophet (ﷺ) passed by me and he smiled when he saw me, for he knew what was in my heart and on my face. He said, "O Aba Hirr (Abu Huraira)!" I replied, "Labbaik, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)!" He said to me, "Follow me." He left and I followed him. Then he entered the house and I asked permission to enter and was admitted. He found milk in a bowl and said, "From where is this milk?" They said, "It has been presented to you by such-and-such man (or by such and such woman)." He said, "O Aba Hirr!" I said, "Labbaik, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)!" He said, "Go and call the people of Suffa to me." These people of Suffa were the guests of Islam who had no families, nor money, nor anybody to depend upon, and whenever an object of charity was brought to the Prophet ﷺ, he would send it to them and would not take anything from it, and whenever any present was given to him, he used to send some for them and take some of it for himself. The order of the Prophet upset me, and I said to myself, "How will this little milk be enough for the people of As- Suffa? though I was more entitled to drink from that milk in order to strengthen myself" So I took the bowl (of milk) and started giving it to one man who would drink his fill and return it to me, whereupon I would give it to another man who, in his turn, would drink his fill and return it to me, and I would then offer it to another man who would drink his fill and return it to me. Finally, after the whole group had drunk their fill, I reached the Prophet (ﷺ) who took the bowl and put it on his hand, looked at me and smiled and said. "O Aba Hirr!" I replied, "Labbaik, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)!" He said, "There remain you and I." I said, "You have said the truth, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)!" He said, "Sit down and drink." I sat down and drank. He said, "Drink," and I drank. He kept on telling me repeatedly to drink, till I said, "No. by Allah Who sent you with the Truth, I have no space for it (in my stomach)." He said, "Hand it over to me." When I gave him the bowl, he praised Allah and pronounced Allah's Name on it and drank the remaining milk.”[2]

Feast at home of Jabir bin Abdullah (r.a)

We were digging (the trench) on the day of Al-Khandaq (i.e. battle of trench)) and we came across a big solid rock. We went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: "Here is a rock appearing across the trench." He said, "I am coming down." Then he got up, and a stone was tied to his belly for we had not eaten anything for three days. So the Prophet (ﷺ) took the spade and struck the big solid rock and it became like sand. I said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Allow me to go home." (When the Prophet (ﷺ) allowed me) I said to my wife, "I saw the Prophet (ﷺ) in a state that I cannot treat lightly. Have you got something (for him to eat?" She replied, "I have barley and a she goat." So I slaughtered the she-kid and she ground the barley; then we put the meat in the earthenware cooking pot. Then I came to the Prophet (ﷺ) when the dough had become soft and fermented and (the meat in) the pot over the stone trivet had nearly been well-cooked, and said, "I have got a little food prepared, so get up O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), you and one or two men along with you (for the food)." The Prophet (ﷺ) asked, "How much is that food?" I told him about it. He said, "It is abundant and good. Tell your wife not to remove the earthenware pot from the fire and not to take out any bread from the oven till I reach there." Then he said (to all his companions), "Get up." So the Muhajireen (i.e. Emigrants) and the Ansar (Helpers) got up. When I came to my wife, I said, "Allah's Mercy be upon you! The Prophet came along with the Muhajirin and the Ansar and those who were present with them." She said, "Did the Prophet (ﷺ) ask you (how much food you had)?" I replied, "Yes." Then the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Enter and do not throng." The Prophet (ﷺ) started cutting the bread (into pieces) and put the cooked meat over it. He covered the earthenware pot and the oven whenever he took something out of them. He would give the food to his companions and take the meat out of the pot. He went on cutting the bread and scooping the meat (for his companions) till they all ate their fill, and even then, some food remained. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) said (to my wife), "Eat and present to others as the people are struck with hunger."[3]

References:
[1] Razavi, Muhammad Ilyas Qadiri. 2013. Faizan e Sunnat (Blessings of Sunnah). Karachi: Maktaba-tul-Madinah. 
[2] Sahih al-Bukhari 6452 – Sunnah.com
[3] Sahih al-Bukhari 4101 – Sunnah.com 

Events that took place after his death as prophesied.

Part of a Prophet of God's mission is to inform the people about what is going to take place in future and this pertains not only to Day of Judgment but also about what will happen in the near and distant future. These prophecies act as a confirmation of their prophethood even after their deaths and are part of their miracles. Since Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was God's final messenger for entire humankind, he made prophecies pertaining to what was going to happen after his death till the end of the world. In this post I quoted a few, but historically significant, among the hundreds of predictions that happened in the near future after his death, exactly as he had predicted. These are found transmitted and recorded in authenticated hadith resources. 





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​1. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ declared from the pulpit in the presence of his companions: “This grandson of mine, Hasan, is a master (syed) of men by means of whom Allah will reconcile two great groups.”[1] Forty years later, when the two large Muslim armies of Iraq and Syria confronted each other, Imam Hasan (r.a) made peace with Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan (r.a), and thus proved the prophecy of his noble grandfather, upon whom be peace and blessings. 
 
2. According to another authentic narration, the Prophet ﷺ said to Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s): "You will fight the just, the perfidious and the deviator," thus predicting the Battles of Jamal (Camel), Siffin and that fought against the Khawarij at Nahrawan. All these happened during the rulership of Ali (a.s) as a result of the first Muslim civil war (also called Fitnah), which started with the murder of Uthman (r.a), predecessor of Ali (a.s).[2]
 
3. Once the Prophet ﷺ ascended mount Uhud with Abu Bakr (r.a), Umar (r.a) and Uthman (r.a) and it began to shake. The Prophet ﷺ  struck it with his foot and said: “Be still, for only a Prophet, an ever truthful and two martyrs are on you.”[3] Thus predicting the martyrdoms of his closest companions Umar ibn Al Khattab (r.a) and Uthman ibn Affan (r.a). Umar (r.a) was martyred by a non-Muslim Persian slave during his rule and Uthman (r.a) was martyred by the Muslim rebels during his rulership.
 
4. He had informed Ali (r.a) and Zubayr (r.a) that they will one day face each other while predicting Zubayr’s martyrdom. This is exactly how it took place in the Battle of Jamal (Camel) when Ali (r.a) reminded Zubayr (r.a) of the Prophet's prediction due he went away. Zubayr (r.a) was later martyred by one of the soldiers from the opposition camp.[4]
 
5. The Prophet ﷺ said to his wives: “One among you will take charge of a mischief; many around her will be killed; and the dogs will bark all around her.”[5] He predicted this about the mother of all believers, Lady Ayesha (r.a). This happened exactly at the point when her army reached the watering place of Hauab, the dogs of the village came out, and barked at Ayesha (r.a). She inquired about the name of the place, and when she was told that it was Hauab, a shudder ran through her. The "mischief" was the unfortunate Battle of Jamal (Camel), as a result of first Muslim civil war. The battle was between the army of Ali ibn Abi Talib (r.a) and Ayesha (r.a), which resulted in the defeat of Ayesha's army and her being respectfully escorted by Ali (r.a) to Makkah, where she lived most part of her remaining life. 
 
6. Allah's Messenger ﷺ also predicted that Imam Hussain (a.s) would be killed at Taff (Kerbala). Fifty years later the painful event took place as predicted. The entire world bears witness to the event of Karbala. Abdullaah (r.a) said, "Whilst we were with the Prophet ﷺ, some young men from Banu Hashim approached us. When the Prophet ﷺ saw them, his eyes filled with tears and the colour of his face changed. I said, 'We can see something has changed in your face, and it upsets us.' The Prophet ﷺ  said, 'We are the people of a Household for whom Allah has chosen the Hereafter rather than this world. The people of my Household (Ahl al-Bayt) will suffer a great deal after my death."[6] The persecution  prophesied came true in the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (a.s) and his family members 50 years after, who were part of Prophet’s Ahl al-Bayt (household/family).
 
7. Allah’s Messenger ﷺ predicted that Abu Bakr (r.a) will succeed him for a short period and then Umar (r.a) will succeed him for a longer period and it happened exactly as he had said: “(I saw in a dream that) while I was standing at a well and drawing water therefrom, suddenly Abu Bakr and ‘Umar came to me. Abu Bakr took the bucket and drew one or two buckets (full of water), but there was weakness in his pulling, but Allah forgave him. Then Umar (r.a) took the bucket from Abu Bakr's hand and the bucket turned into a very large one in his hand. I have never seen any strong man among the people doing such a hard job as Umar did, till (the people drank to their satisfaction) and water their camels to their fill and they sat near the water.”[7]
 
8. According to an authentic narrations, Allah's Messenger ﷺ said to his companions: “You will be victorious over all your enemies, will succeed in the conquest of Makkah, Khaybar, Damascus, Iraq, Persia and Jerusalem, and will share among yourselves the treasures of the rulers of the greatest empires, the Byzantine and the Persians.”[8] It is a known fact that when he was saying this he wasn’t just expressing an opinion, he was saying as if he was seeing it. It is also a fact that these places were all conquered by his own companions not too long after his death.

9. The Prophet ﷺ predicted the rightly guided era of the first four (or five) successors who would rule after his death and the type of rulerships that would replace them. The prediction is found as recorded in one hadith: “Prophethood will last among you for as long as Allah wills, then Allah will take it away. Then it will be (followed by) a rightly guided caliphate (khilafat e rashida) on the pattern of the Prophethood. It will remain for as long as Allah wills, then Allah will take it away. Afterwards there will be a hereditary leadership which will remain for as long as Allah wills, then He will lift it if He wishes. Afterwards, there will be biting oppression, and it will last for as long as Allah wishes, then He will lift it if He wishes. Then there will be a rightly guided caliphate (khilafahe rashida) according to the ways of the Prophethood.’ Then he kept silent.”[9] Prophethood lasted till the death of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, the final Messenger for humankind, followed by the rule of his pious successors namely Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali (May Allah be pleased with them), and Hassan ibn Ali (son of Ali) (r.a). These caliphs ruled according to the teachings of the Prophet ﷺ and lived exemplary lives. Then Hassan (r.a) was forced to hand over the rulership in favor of Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan (r.a) (also a Prophets companion), for the sake of ending ongoing Muslim civil war. He was more of a caliph that came in to power through power politics unlike selection of his predecessors. 
 
9. The Prophet ﷺ predicted the conquest of Constantinople which also took place a few centuries after his death. Knowing how many Muslim armies have fought Byzantines and attacked this center of their power, the Ottoman Turks were able to finally conquer it in 1453 CE. Abdullah (r.a) said, “While we were (gathered) around the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and we were writing, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked: ‘Which city will be conquered first - Constantinople or Rome?’ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘The city of Hiraql (Heraclius) will be conquered first’ - i.e. Constantinople."'[10] The prediction of this conquest  was given by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in several traditions, long before him and the earlier Muslims hardly exercised any control in the Arabian Peninsula. In fact, their influence was only limited to a small town called Yathrib (later became Madinah).
 
10. The Prophet ﷺ predicted the rule of third Caliph and Successor Uthman ibn Affan (r.a) and his innocent murder and he even said that he would get killed while reciting the Quran. It absolutely happened as our Prophet ﷺ predicted.[11] 
 
11. The Prophet ﷺ  said: “O Abu Dharr, You will be expelled from here [Madinah], will live alone, and will die alone.” All this came true twenty years later when Abu Dharr (r.a) began to live outside of Madinah during the rule of Uthman (r.a). He died alone with only his wife and one daughter.[13]
 
12. The Prophet ﷺ predicted the first Muslim naval expedition which took place during Uthman's rulership, the 3rd successor. At the time of this prediction the Arabs were people of the desert, they had no maritime knowledge or expertise, they only knew the desert. Additionally he also predicted that the force will reach Cyprus and one of the companions named Umm Haram (r.a) will be martyred on that Island.[14] The truth of this Prophetic prediction can be viewed in shrine of Umm Haram still stands on that Island near Larnaca, Cyprus. The shrine is called Hala Sultan Tekke. 
 
13. The Prophet ﷺ said: “From the tribe of Thaqif[15], a liar will claim prophethood, and a bloodthirsty tyrant/destroyer will appear.”[16] The "Liar", as claimed by many scholars was Mukhtaar ibn Abee Ubaid[17], who appeared in Kufah (modern Iraq) during the days of Abdullah ibn Az-Zubair (r.a). And the "Destroyer" was Al-Hajjaaj ibn Yousuf Ath-Thaqafee[18], the one who killed Abdullah ibn Az-Zubair (r.a) and also committed much oppression during his governorship.[19]
 
14. He predicted that the Abbasid dynasty would emerge after the Umayyads to remain in power for a long time, and said, “The people will come forth with black banners from Khurasaan and rule for many times more than they [the Umayyads] rule.” The Prophet prophesied the black flags, which Banu Al-'Abbaas[20] came with under Abu Muslim Khurasani when they wrenched control of the Muslim nation from the hands of Banu Umayyah.[21]
 

References:
[1] Sahih al-Bukhari 3629 – Sunnah.com
[2] Nursi, Bediuzzaman Said. 2010. Miracles of Prophet Muhammad. Feedbooks. - Risala i Nur Collection.
[3] Sunan Abi Dawud 4651 – Sunnah.com
[4] Nursi 2010
[5] Nursi 2010
[6] Nursi 2010 -  Dimashqi, Al-Hafiz ibn Katheer. 2006. Al Nihaya Fi al Fitan Wa al Malahim (Book of the End: Great Trials and Tribulations). Riyadh: Maktaba Darussalam. 
[7] Sahih al-Bukhari 7019 – Sunnah.com
[8] Sahih Muslim 2900 – Sunnah.com
[9] Hassan, Professor Masudul. 1988. Khalifa Abu Bakr - Successor to the Holy Prophet - History of Islam volumes 1 & 2 . Lahore: Islamic Publications
[10] Dimashqi 2006. Also narrated in major authentic works of Ibn Majah, Sunan Abu Dawud, Jami Tirmidhi.
[11] Nursi 2010 - Also recorded in Sahih al-Bukhari 7262, Sunnah.com 
[12] Sunan an-Nasai 1975 – Sunnah.com
[13] Nursi 2010
[14] Sahih al-Bukhari 2788 – Sunnah.com
[15] Tribe in Arabia called Banu Thaqif.
[16] Jami Tirmidhi Vol. 1, Book 46, Hadith 3944 – Sunnah.com
[17] Also known as Mukhtar Thaqafi (member of Banu Taqif). Many also see him as a hero who took revenge from the killers of Imam Hussain (alaihi salaam), the dearest grandson of the Prophet martyred in Karbala. Allah (swt) knows best.
[18] As for the destroyer was indeed Hajjaj bin Yousaf, there is unanimous agreement on this man’s appearance and character.
[19] Dimashqi 2006.
[20] Also called Family of Abbas i.e. the descendants of Abbas (r.a), paternal uncle of the Prophet (sallAllahu alaihi wassallam), ruled the Muslim world under Bannu Abbas Caliphate.
[21]Nursi 2010

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Prophet Muhammad ﷺ ​predicted Persians will not only accept Islam but will become great scholars of Islam and worldly sciences.

The Prophet ﷺ sent letter of invitation to Islam for all regional rulers, in particular the Kings of Byzantine and Persian empires, the 2 greatest empires of the time. He invited Khosrow II Pervez [1] [2], King of Persia by dispatching a letter. The following are the contents of the letter mentioned in one of his biography called Al Raheeq Al Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar):
 
“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
 
From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah to Chosroes[3], king of Persia. Peace be upon him who follows true guidance, believes in Allah and His Messenger and testifies that there is no god but Allah Alone with no associate, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. I invite you to accept the religion of Allah. I am the Messenger of Allah sent to all people in order that I may infuse fear of Allah in every living person, and that the charge may be proved against those who reject the Truth. Accept Islam as your religion so that you may live in security, otherwise, you will be responsible for all the sins of the Magians.”[4]
 
The biography further states that “The proud monarch was enraged by the style of the letter as the name of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) had been put above his own name. He tore the letter into shreds and forthwith dictated a command to his viceroy in Yemen to send a couple of troopers to arrest the Prophet and bring him to his presence. The governor, Bazan by name, immediately sent two men to Madinah for the purpose. As soon as the men reached Madinah, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) was informed by a divine revelation that Pervez, the emperor of Persia, had been murdered by his son. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) disclosed to them the news and they were stunned. He added asking them to tell their new monarch that Islam would prevail everywhere and outstrip the sovereignty of Chosroes himself. They hurried back to Bazan and communicated to him what they heard. Meanwhile, Sherweh, the new monarch sent a letter to Bazan confirming the news and bidding him to stop any procedures as regards the Prophet till further notice. Bazan, together with the Persians in Yemen, went into the folds of Islam, and gladly signified his adhesion to the Prophet.”[5] This event of Khosrow Pervez being murdered by his son and overthrowing his father’s rule is also recorded in non-Islamic historical sources. At the time when Prophet ﷺ made this prediction of Islam spreading in the lands of Al Faris (Persia), the Muslims had not even taken control of Arabian Peninsula, their rule was only limited to two cities, Makkah and Madinah. Within the twelve years after Prophet's passing away Persia was conquered by his companions under the rule of his second successor and Caliph Umar ibn Al Khattab (r.a). Hence came true the Prophet's prediction of Muslim conquest of Persia.
 
Additionally the Prophet ﷺ also foretold an extraordinary prediction about the knowledge of Persians. One of the foremost companions of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ named Salman Al-Farsi (r.a) was a Persian. In the early years of Islam, the Prophet ﷺ had predicted something very amazing looking at Salman and through him about the Persian nation when the following Quranic verse was revealed: “He it is Who sent among the unlettered ones (i.e. Arabs) a Messenger from among themselves, reciting to them His Ayat (Verses), purifying them, and teaching them the Book and the Hikmah (Wisdom). And verily, they had been before in manifest error. And (he is also sent to) others (i.e. non-Arabs) who have not yet joined them. And He is the Almighty, the All-Wise.”[6] Referring to "others who have not yet joined" the companions inquired: “Who are they, O Allah's Messenger?” At that time, the Prophet ﷺ  put his hand on Salman Al Farsi, saying, “If Faith were at (the place of) Ath-Thuraiya (pleiades, the highest star), even then (some men or man from these people (i.e. Salman's folk) would attain it.”[7] It is a historical fact that great scientists, Islamic scholars, poets, geographers, mathematicians and saints in the medieval period, majority of them, who made contributions in various fields of science and religion were Persian Muslims. One can just appreciate this fact by clicking here and viewing list of Persian scientists and scholars throughout the medieval times. Islamic philosophers like Al Kindi, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Al Razi (Rhazes), saints like Bayazid Bistami, Abdul Qadir Gilani, scientist & mathematicians like Al Khwarizmi (Al Gorithm), Al Tusi, Islamic scholars like Al Ghazali, Ibn Taymiyyah, were all Persians who revolutionized various fields of science and religion. It is the impact of their efforts and discoveries in the medieval age that gave birth to the modern scientific and technological era. This amazing prediction of the Prophet ﷺ came true after Persians abandoned Zoroastrianism and accepted Islam. 
​
References:

[1] Chosroes or Khusrow (also Kisra) was a title for Kings of Persia during Sassanian era.
[2] Last great king of the Sasanian Empire who ruled from 590 to 628 CE before Muslim conquest of Persia.
[4] al-Mubarakpuri, Safi-ur-Rahman. 1996. Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar). Dar-us-Salam Publications - al-Mubarakpuri 1996
[5] al-Mubarakpuri 1996
[6] Al Quran 62:2–3
[7] Sahih Al Bukhari  Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 420 – Sunnah.com 

Minor signs of the end times
​
​There are hundreds of end time prophecies that Prophet Muhammad  ﷺ made which have come true in our times. The Islamic scholars have divided them in to two types: major and minor. The minor are in the hundreds while major are less, in some cases only ten but highly significant. Some of these ten are also mentioned in the Quran. For this answer I would like to mention a few minor but definitely very important ones.








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1. Time will pass by quickly
 
Prophet said: “The Hour will not come until time passes so quickly that a year will be like a month, a month like a week, a week like a day, a day like an hour, and an hour like the time it takes for a palm-leaf to burn.”[1] We sometimes remark that we reached 2018 or 2019 but where did the previous year go? It went by so fast that we couldn’t even tell. Now we’re almost half way passed 2019. The above tradition is very clear for us as we experience this in our daily routine and ask ourselves at the end of each day, each week, each month and each year that how fast did they go by!

2.  Slave mother giving birth to her mistress and skyscrapers

A man asked the Prophet: "Tell me about the Hour." He said: "The one who is asked about it does not know more about it than the one who is asking." He said: "Then tell me about its signs." He said: "When a slave woman gives birth to her mistress, when you see the barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in making tall buildings.'"[2]

Explanation of this hadith:

These words are taken from the famous hadith-e-Jibreel and this man who was inquiring from the Prophet was Jibreel (alaihi salaam). His inquiries and the answers given by the Prophet was to teach those around him some important lessons about their faith. One of the major lessons that we learn is 2 signs of the approach of the last hour. The Prophet ﷺ  informed us about 2 signs in the above hadith. The first one is related to surrogacy: ‘When a slave woman gives birth to her mistress’. Before we can understand how this prediction relates to the surrogacy we need to first realize that surrogacy is usually accepted as a practice in those nations or such people within a nation that are living under much financial duress. Due to their financial situation they are forced to adopt a life that make them vulnerable for exploitation. Such as the poor women of many parts of India, Philippines, some countries in Africa such as Nigeria, are willing to rent their wombs for couples mainly from Western Europe or rich nations who wish to have a child but for various reasons are unable to have themselves or their wives do not wish to bear. These people are then looking for poor mothers from other developing countries who may wish to carry an embryo for a large sum of money. Please note that there are several middle men involved in this process who take major portion of this amount and only give meager share to the poor lady whose womb is used in this process. Therefore at the end of this process the poor lady still remains poor and everyone else benefits heavily from her!
As per some scholars of Islam, and not all, the interpretation of this sign is a poor mother living in slavery conditions whom we can refer to as a ‘slave mother’ gives birth to a child who is actually considered a master or mistress as the child will now belong to the upper class of the society i.e. taken back to the rich nations with the couple. Thus this prediction is happening right before our eyes. One can find many good documentaries on YouTube. Wombs for rent: Indian surrogacy clinic confines women in 'terrible...
However at this point it’s also important to mention that before the financial situation of the modern world, majority of Islamic scholars throughout the history have interpreted this hadith of the Prophet ﷺ to mean that ‘The children will become master and mistress of their mothers and parents and would treat them like slaves are treated’ which is also very evident as the respect of parents has been lost in our age with the new generation being more greedy. This can also be confirmed due to the fact that the Prophet ﷺ prophesied: “….a man obeys his wife and disobeys his mother, he is kind to his friend and abandons his father...” a sign that rather than children taking care and being respectful to their parents they will be abandoned in old homes, which is a common trend especially in the modern Western societies, and unfortunately this has also started taking place in the East albeit not as great as in the former. 

3. Modern Technology and its communication system

Prophet Muhammad said: “By the One in Whose Hand is my soul! The Hour will not be established until predators speak to people and until the tip of a man's whip and the straps on his sandal (shoes) speak to him, and his thigh informs him of what occurred with his family after him.”[3] This prediction is as bright as a daylight for our generation as we notice voice assistant systems such as Siri and GPS, softwares that speak through our mobile phones and devices, help navigate when driving and provide us online info without even having to type. The shoes speaking has also become a reality after google has come out with its smart shoes called google talking shoes. Amazingly the Prophet did not just mention shoes speaking, he specifically mentioned the ‘shoe laces’ and the chip that communicates is connected to the shoe laces. As for part of the hadith that mentions “man’s thigh informing him of what is happening to his family after him” meaning that when man leaves his home he now has access to know what is going on behind him. That ‘thigh’ is obviously what we call a cellular phone device that keeps you informed and with new advancements such as Watsapp and Skype, you may even see your family while talking when you are away from home. Not to forget that we usually carry the mobile in our front pockets next to thigh and that is what most likely means ‘thigh informing’.

4. Skyscrapers in Middle East

The Prophet ﷺ said: “the naked, poor, and bare-footed shepherds rival each other in the height of the buildings.”[4] The sky scrapers in the GCC states is a fulfillment of this prophecy, for instance the world’s tallest building called Burj Khalifa in UAE. Till a few decades ago the lands of the GCC countries was barren till the discovery of oil which resulted in their gaining wealth to such an extent that instead of utilizing for humanitarian purposes they have become extravagant in their spending. They have utilized their wealth mainly towards expensive construction projects including skyscrapers in competition with each other and other countries across the globe. It is also a fact that the royal families of these rulers are actually Bedouins from the time of the Prophet whose main profession was herding camels. It is quite evident if one travels to modern capitals of Riyadh, Qatar and Dubai, that even their apartment buildings have at least 30 floors and higher!

6. Legalization of Gay Marriages

The Prophet said: “when men lie with men and women with women, when men will become like women and women will become like men.” (Al Bidayah Wa Al Nihaya) As per leading scholars of Islam this pertains to the arrival of legalized marriages of gay couples around the world and its acceptance on a global scale which is taking place only in the 21st century. The number of countries accepting this practice can be noticed by viewing a Pew Research Center report called ‘Gay Marriage Around the World’. This report clearly shows an increased in the number of countries worldwide that have begun to legalize same-sex marriages.[5] As for women will become like men is a sign taking place in our times while it was absent in the history of humankind due to the fact that natural role of man and a woman is to act and live according to their God given nature. But the feminist revolution claims women can do everything that man does and therefore there is no reason for them to act like women any more, they believe and teach that they are just like men. This has caused much confusion in the Godly inspired role of men and women as taught by all Prophets of God which maintains the family structure and keeps it intact. This sign has resulted in the collapse of the family structure. 

7. Capitalist Economic System

Prophet ﷺ predicted: “There will come a time when you will not be able to find a single person in all of humankind who will not be consuming riba (usury or interest). And if anyone claims that he is not consuming riba (usury) then surely the vapor of riba will reach him.”[6] One has to be blind not to be able to notice this prediction. That time has come. The global economic system is based on a banking system which deals in money lending, this originated from Europe and today has engulfed the entire humankind. This system has resulted in a great economic disparity around the globe. Even the people who do not directly deal in any sort of interest based transactions, such as purchasing house and cars on loans, are not immune. Such people are also indirectly impacted because they keep their money within the banking system, in bank accounts, which means their cash is also part of the capitalist economy.

8. Women will work like men

The Prophet ﷺ said: “ahead of the hour trade will become so widespread that a woman will help her husband in trade and ties of kinship will be severed.”[7] This is very true in our times. Traditionally it has always been a man’s role to be the breadwinner of the house but due to financial strains of the capitalist economy around the globe the women have entered the workforce in large numbers and work outside the house like men have always done. This is especially the case in countries like Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Philippines and Cambodia similar countries where females constitute majority of workforce in garment manufacturing plants of H&M, Nike, Gap, Puma etc. In Cambodia, Women make up 90 percent of the country’s more than 700,000 garment workers in 1,200 garment businesses, according to the Ministry of Industry and Handicraft.[8] They work on extremely low wages like $1 a day or even less and this causes them to work overtime due to being underpaid. This has also impacted family structure unlike in the past where mother's major focus was her home and she was always there for the children. It is such societies where lower status women have resorted to become surrogate mothers for wealthy couples as discussed in the hadith of "slave mother will give birth to her mistress."

9. Voices will be raised in mosques

The Prophet ﷺ said: “voices are raised in the Masajids (mosques).”[9] With modern technology and the introduction of loud speakers have caused this prediction to come true in the 20th century. But some scholars say this refers to the disputes and arguments in mosques that will happen due to divisions among Muslims which is quite prevalent and also seems to be correct.

10. Markets will become closer

Abu Huraira (r.a) narrated that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: “The hour will not begin until trials and tribulations appear, there is a great deal of lying and the markets will become closer.”[10] A leading Saudi scholars named Dr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahmaan al-Areefi comments on this hadith: “The markets have come close in the following ways: The ability to quickly get info on the markets through online access which has cut our efforts to physically travel and reach there. The ability to travel from market to market for trade and business through medium of modern transportation such as airplanes, cars, trains etc. which has made cut the distance short. Thirdly there is no doubt that with internet access and television channels one can access all information on whatever markets one wants to know. Nevertheless the words also imply that there will be much lying and manipulation of the forces who control the markets which is also very clear to see. The corporate elite controls our access to things in the market and even influence us by deceiving through marketing tactics.” (al-Areefi 2010)

11. Obesity will become widespread

The Prophet ﷺ said: “….obesity will become widespread…”[11]This is true as the world statistics say that one-sixth of the world population is now obese and this is mainly due to the lack of physical exercise that was part of people’s lives in the past unlike in our times there is big lack of physical activities due to sitting jobs and movement in transportation like cars. In our times people lose weight by going to gym and this gym phenomena never existed before our times. Go to any pharmacy section anywhere in the world and one will see all types of medicines available to lose weight.

12. The coming of a time when a man will be given choice of being labelled incompetent or committing immorality.

Abu Huraira (r.a) narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said: “There will come a time when a man will be given choice between being labelled incompetent and committing immorality. Whoever lives until that time should choose incompetence over immorality.” This is a very clear sign that is observed specially in schools, universities and modern educational institutions and whoever has experienced this would agree. If a student keeps to himself or herself they are considered weak and peer pressured to commit some immoral or vulgar acts so that they are more accepted in the mainstream. This sort of drama happens a lot in the dorm lifestyles of the Western universities.

13. Tabook will be filled with gardens and greenery

Tabook is a city in Northern part of present day Saudi Arabia which was always a dry land and it has never had agriculture activity till modern times. Muadh bin Jabal (r.a) narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said: “….If you live long enough, Muadh, you will soon see this place filled with gardens.”[12] In our times there are big agricultural projects at work in that land which has caused the entire area to become green and lush with crops and farm lands. The Tabuk Development Agriculture Company is specifically working on agriculture projects and is primarily responsible for all agribusiness development in this area. An article published in an Egyptian Journal shares data collected using the satellite imagery which assesses the potential of the surrounding barren land to see how agriculture development can be expanded further.[13]

References:
[1] Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2332 – Sunnah.com
[2] Sunan an-Nasa'i 4990 – Sunnah.com
[3] Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2181 – Sunnah.com
[4] Jami at-Tirmidhi 2610 – Sunnah.com
[5] David Masci 2017
[6] Sunan Abi Dawud 3331 – Sunnah.com
[7] Musnad Ahmad
[8] Watch 2015
[9] Jami at-Tirmidhi 2210 – Sunnah.com
[10] al-Areefi, Dr. Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahmaan. 2010. The End of the world - The Major and Minor Signs of the Hour. Riyadh: Darussalaam.
[11] Al Bukhari & Muslim.
[12] Book 9, Hadith 2 – Muwatta Malik
[13] Al-Harbi 2010